FR5SJARJAR Mike Mooney@AtӚұ)_e:ˍCG ,f7T?G5g$> EnglishEnglishTimes New RomaniAJT27 Figure 5.7 This chart focuses on concepts in thinking. It( is useful in understanding the intellectual standards to( be applied to concepts and in differentiating between( the use of concepts in thinking by skilled and unskilled( reasoners. J"J"/J"9J#6J"9J" J"12a26RbY6ydy4e4c4cCqC8e>CReTCqeq7e7dXe9g7(f(7SfT5sfx7gFgCgFh7gEgD3g6;MfM3aea3yexCfCeBeBdAdA6c6AMeMBnesBdBeCeCfBe C&e)DDeCCgql:eCe3e3eBe;e; f 3-e04AeABbed3e3eBeCqYe5 e 5 d :/ e :/ e|/5NRor|}}  ++JPot $*IN}ns|"??~]]~ip|}/3JOou||9?|^c~|  /  /   ,,FLkq36VVww ?DZ^ww  -4SSvv-2RWns99X]z~  .  . @A$A$>B> ^Bc|BBBCCC "C&!FCL!jCo!C!D!PD!C"B"/B4 SBSnBnCBAAA A;@@ aOaxBxAMBAA"B'5A:HALjAnABA@B*B*JBPpAuAA@AA A / B / Bggi i9=i]dijij1/ qe>|/ 9. 6/ PB9g 1/ gQ 2A@? EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArialCONCEPTS AND IDEAS:98 $8)=7AW7Wv6w777767!6%B6G[6_}677:7:XH(All reasoning is expressed through, and shaped by, concepts and ideas.)IIIJvJl H&l+I1m1ICmCTOmPSbmfTvm{TmTmTmKmVnUxLnL nV n T0n0UCoDVXn[VnwrV~nVoUoVpVoKoKnPnJnU)n,T@mDTWm[SpvrImgqTmTmTmHlHmSlHk"R3l7SKtNSaldHwlwHmHkRtdoRmRkRlR k Rk S3m7SKuNN\l^SnlnRmRlSlHlHmIlHlS m Sm T/m5f:m>JJv>JJvIHHHHHJxmHHJx RPrimary standards: (1) clarity, (2) relevance. (3) depth, (4) accuracy( Common problems: (I) unclear, (2) irrelevant, (3) superficial, (4) inaccurateLL LL LLLL LLL LL LL LL L65FGTSvw56MN`^ww *.58FG\[aatt $8;MObekk*/55HHUUlmzz++:#; Q$S u#w # # $ % , % %1%4?&A T&U w%x % %%/%0''&.'17&:M'P`'ep'q!w+w+0'1&&'&& % '&( =%> O&T g%ly&} **/&.% % $ , /$2 >$@N$NT$Y k%nt$x $$((-(-%$ $ )%- >%@ R$U i$o z$} $$ $ $+G1%M14gPrinciple: Reasoning can only be as clear, relevant, realistic, and deep as the concepts that( shape it.h^L LhT7v7^GvHSTvU]lvn^vSv]Rv^v^vUxUw_x^)x-_;x?_TxX_kxpVvw|`y__y_y`yay_y`za1y6V<z?bTTVdzdVwzzaz_zb{az_zazVzaz`y`'x's-}-_@x@`KxM__xcTixn`y`x_x_xYxq|_x_w^w^#w'S-v3T9v=^MwQY^xbUhwm^~wq{^x^w]vRwRxSw^w^)x-_@@^QxQ^bwg_vwvYxYwSw^x^x^w^x`x_(x,_=xA_TXZfxh_xwxYxYxSw]vYwYw.2GJ\`twhggggRx^ R3nnsr8 FEnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial|SKILLED REASONERS+?0H?K Q?Vg?jz?~??@? ?A A 6A:!SAZ!iAm!A!A!AA@AŔkJSof$ ,>HEnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArialUNSKILLED REASONERSO"hCm#C"C$D$C#C#C"B"B"*B*"ABD!SAV!qAs!B!B!A!A!A A AO DBO D4oBվp>FEnglishEnglishTimes New RomanCRITICAL REFLECTIONS @ @ @ @ @ @ @ )A) 9A9!OAS cAh!vAz @ @ A @ @ A!A!-A!-A -AA -Ax_F P< pEnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial2are unaware of the key( concepts and ideas they( and others use.?]]]?N]akl{{%%8;{EE{QQ^a{sv{{M]_ru**::?CUWhkz~N^bsw!$35EIOIO?>>>>N{MNOM{~-3UgLcnp0 >EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial2&What is the main concept I am using in'''~{z~{{!|36FFVVrv|),88}GG}MM}^^nq|{  {     '&&&&~z &~z 2 my thinking?   !26HIUIU   U U2%What are the main concepts others are&&&  ))69KN^^nn ,/ACQR``oo     &%%%% % f2using?2222:22:2:BE; [⤷o3 bEnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial3Qare able to explain the basic( implications of the key words( and phrases they use.RRs+/s::sKKsZZsimiisnnsssttk t04l9=uNNo^^okmkulluvnww"'BGX\bflo  ##/2CFVVffvw  +/AEWWggy|(*<<KK]`nqRQQQQi i SMCZ: W>dEnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial3Lcannot accurately explain( basic implications of their( key words and phrases.MMMv]`vosvwwrrwwwvv%'v69pFGuX[laduwwuvvuktluuOacrv#&35;>QUgjxxP_`oq)->>OO`du{MLLLLMkOPMkVgV`l{!ai7pd(EnglishEnglishTimes New Romanl3Am I clear about the implications of( key concepts? For example: Does the( word cunning have negative implica( tions that the word clever does not?%]$]$]%]lskkksjs  s!t++s99sIMj_astxtnnojslluu(,k15l;>tNPt`cnoskx{sttstii#&8:GJW[ggxx !$*,<AGGWWnp/29;NNbbqq%(-/BCSScchl$# # # ###" #%$%2#2@#BU#W h#h u#u # # "## #$ # $ ($( 5#5B#BU$V j#l }# # # # ####i%$$$#$i$Sphl'bL! T EnglishEnglishTimes New Roman2Nare able to distinguish( special, nonstandard uses of( words from standard uses.O]]]Od+{/e:{;dK|KdZ}Zdi{n[{\{e|_}_|d|[}[{]|f } a|^"|&f7}:fLMg_}c^i}mf{}]}]}*.@BSUehnr.0BDTXcdvv9:MP\]or 02DGW[efxxONNNN[}[jF[ a9:N$EnglishEnglishTimes New Roman3Yare not able to recognize( when their use of a word( or phrase departs from( educated usage.Z]]']ZNh^bhl~mh}~}g~hiddh_^~hb!~!b.~1gC~CfR~Rf]}^fn}qg}g}gg}^}f}f}f}Mkn#(59HHWWilwwObepp}}   35DISSadssN^asv(+>>NRXRXZYYYYN^~MONXM^V֞{N^pT4 ~EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanAriall2%Where did I get my definition of this&&]&\{[{d{dzd{Z{Z{\z[.|.[>{>]D{D]S{Sdfgex{z`{`{d{dZ{Z{e|[ {e{e${)\.{1`>{A]F{Ie]{`er{rd{d|ZzZ{_z[{\{e{e{&%%%%Z{%Zn2#central concept? For example: Where$$$$(:<LN_btv49JNSWgjpp~~$#####w2&did I get my definition of the concept'']'  46JJWWil}&&22?ASVggtt'&&&&&b2of...]]    2%Have I put my unwarranted conclusions&&]&(F/F/E/F'F'E'F/ M /F!+.G.+=F=/YF[/nNn/}G}/G/F/E/F/E/G0G0F+*F+0;G>&PGP&^F^/nFp/F/F/F%F/G/G'F/F / F /$ F /$ F&%%%%%$ NF%%$ N?2into the definition?Zzby^yby]y]yYybyYyY%z(c8z;YGyH[MyRbcyhZmyq]~yZybzbyZyZyYzyYz n$[op.y| r EnglishEnglishTimes New Roman2jare aware of irrelevant( concepts and ideas and use( concepts and ideas in ways( relevant to their functions.k]S]k+/:;KKZZjl +/58GG[\lp+ -@ DV Xi k| ~          ' (9 ;J N\ \k k{ ~        ,7 . A7 D V6 Y j7 k {7  >  7  7  8  7  7  8  8  8  '8 )! 98 <! K9 M" \9 \ l9 l r9 v" 9 ! 9 # 9 " : $ B # : # : S )j (S 9j <J Bj ES Vj WS ki kS {j S j N j N k N j S j O k O j K k T k L k "T -k -J :k :J Ek FU Xl \T nk qU l Q l M l U l U l W m f m f m kjjjj   B 8 J m k m {A'>6@ EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial3;use concepts in ways( inappropriate to the subject( or issue.< <O`ert &&66=@RR``~OU Yj n}           + +9 9E GZ Zi iv y         % % N$ a; e$ n: n }; } : # : $ ; % ; $ ; 4 ; 4 ; <;;;;OO%  N ; ; N%; ɎGepL#r EnglishEnglishTimes New Romanu3Am I using the concept of "love"( appropriately? For example: Do I( unknowingly act as if loving a person( implies a right to treat them( discourteously?!]!]&]]]#'99EESUhj{{-0<<HHWZacvx          - .> AG I] ^k k{ {        $ (- 0@ DI I[ [r t     7  6  6  6  6  6  5  %7 ) <? < B6 E X> X e7 e v7 x 7  7  6  6  6  6  5  5  6  7  7 ! (6 ) /6 3 E6 H [? [ g7 g w7 w 7  >  6  5  7  7  6  6 K j S j R q I i J i R i S i R i R i R $i $S /j 1K 7j :S Mr OJ `j cN pj pN ~i ~N i S i M i M j R i R i R j N j N j N j J +j .S >j BS ]i BS ]i }  ~                 0 3 E H W Z| a a w w}  w}  !  ! ? 6 &I ]r i |   p km z9  4 EnglishEnglishTimes New Roman<2)think deeply about the( concepts they use.*]]* ) + = A G L ^ b r r                    " 5 8 I L Y Y g g s v       ,' . A' D V& Y i' l |&  .  '  &  '  '  &  (  0  (  *( . ;( > N( R" X( R" X( *))))   X0 '  0 X#b}> L6 EnglishEnglishTimes New Roman:31fail to think deeply about the( concepts they use.2]]2M Z Y h l r v | |                     1 2 C E U Z k o t w                   ' * ; * ; N ^* ` s) v )  *  *  2  *  *  *  *  )  $) & 90 9 G) G Y( \ k( n ~( ! ( ! ( 21111M ; N 2 ) M ;2 ts=!@S7p 0 EnglishEnglishTimes New Roman2Am I thinking deeply enough about( this concept? For example: The concept( of health care, as I describe it, does not( take into account the patient's rights( and privileges. Do I need to consider( the idea of health care more deeply?"]']+]']&]%]                 ! % 5 8 = B T W i i v v                   + / @ C V W i i x x             &  %  %  %  &  %  %  %  &  ,& / A- C P& R ^% ^ o& o }% } &  %  &  &  %  %  &  .  !& $ 3& 7 =& = J& J b% c t% w &  &  %  &  &  &  %  -   %   % B Y 8 Y 8 Y 8 X A X A X 8 X < X 8 X 8 #Y #B 3Y 5B EY IB SY TB eX iS o\ oA ~Y ~A Y A X 9 Y 9 X 8 Y 8 X A X B Y B Z B Y : %Y )9 :Y <B MY M: \Y \: aY e= rY uS {\ {8 Y 8 Y B X B Y B Y B Y B X B  X  <  X  <  X p  u  l  t  m  m  t  o  t  t " "u 2 4u D Fu V Xu k ou  u  o  o  o  k  t  t  u  u  p , /m 4 8u H Ku ] `p m qm vv {u  t  t  l  t  l  p  u  u                       . 0 B C S V d h n n                     - - : ; N N ] ] m o                                   ' ) 5 5 A A S V g j y }                   $ ' 9 = H H Y Y h h y {                "  . & '8  \ Y +k  '  &  $  !LEK T EnglishEnglishTimes New Roman0Critical Thinking( by Paul/Elder   ) , 9 : C F V W _ b t v                   - / C / C  & & = = L L ` ` r u                   C    C RI~.R6  H EnglishEnglishTimes New Roman1: 2001 by Prentice-Hall, Inc.( Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458;; 9 9 I I ] ` t w                 " % 8 < J L T W i j }                   ( + 3 + 3  7 ; N R f h { ~                   2 4 < = S T f i v u } }              $ 8 $ 8 ;:::: 3  8  8  r n ( .P Z, fR* \ D* N.  ,  (  "  H "  uFR5S