FR5SJARJAR Mike Mooneys /3T+of `CGH # , BXXuu{{}{&&{ROyptzw,-}DDvWWvon++@@ad55PQmmxxxy44xUUxhgyyy  y ! : ! :  ,.FEeivv +/ORps$(5:Z\ &EI`c =ANNmm +0EFfi  :  : :G2H5 B<G T<Yv<x = ==<<H!A<E[;]}H<;;<<3;8 W;W n<n z::<: 9: 94:8M:Mk;n;< :<< :&;(LHL ^<^ ~<<<<</;3R<Ri<i< ;<<<  < : < : <aRRb;?c_ccxzccccUU$dCC[[[[quTUcTUb$&bIIR]]R}|baaRTRS&*bHKSjjScbSScb?Bb\aSUTTcTTd**cGJcgjdcccc  d! & y2 & y2 v: @: 9: H<:R2 :v: `PURPOSE`u y       `  ` (All reasoning has a purpose.)E====&=&"<%&4=8%G<J&]=b&s<x~<%<%D<<%<%<%<%;%!<!%5D8%J=N%Y<[%oCq%=%<%<5;DDE<E],:^i* ' " . v-i i*** ^ V- '^ '-*"*- FFFFFFFFF-KSEPG S"E,S,E5R5E<R=I?J?IGQGJJMMQOROGZQZGeQlInKuG|P|FQFQFQFPIPCJDOBQBMBQBQBQBQBQDNIKEQE G CJCQCQC$Q$C)Q)C.Q.C3Q3D5E1J8L<AJKICOGSB]KSB]K-,,,,A]SQ,A]SXd2jPrimary standards: (I) clarity, (2) significance, (3) achievability, (4) consistency, (5) justifia( bilityk   k_h_hijiii01c??jUWjlm_kk`kkaadbb++j;=`DHjW\jgibosdj{aabaai`ii+.`59^FE`KOi_bhqvihiy``a__hh,.^AE_LNh_aitvh^`^~_chy__a``//h?AhVYikoi~`idiiiizaa "b35aAA`NN`Y^iquid`_aiqwqwkjjjj^d^YCommon problems: (I) unclear, (2) trivial, (3) unrealistic, (4) contradictory, (5) unfairZ   Z  ""//FHXWkl,,>CTXhkqu   #67=AQT[_ffww"(,;?KMTWgkpp  (,>BIL]_km&)65EIOT_T_ZYYYY_Y_U3uPrinciple: To reason well, you must clearly understand your purpose, and your purpose must( -'*'" be fair-minded.v[ v)I3H)J3I3J)I3Q)I3#J$4/J/+:J:+SJN3bJb3rJr4}K~4J4K3K4K4K3K4 K 5K!*(J+*2K7E<N<3LNL4_Ra4tKx3J3J3J3J3J.J.J3J(I3,I03?IC3NHP)WIZ2nQn2|I|3I2H'I2I2H1H-H1H2(H+'>H>'MIM1aQb2uIy2I1H1I1Q2I1G2Q1 I2I1/H3B9M92JIJ2ZI_3pIs)I)I3R3J3K4J3J3Q 3J"3.I03CRE3YI\3kJn3I2I2I2J2I.I.Ijl^fdh"Y%_,g1m1Y>|>YL|LYZ|ZYg|gYu|uY|Y{czX|Xzd{[{dzlrc{!\'{,d>{A[S|Vdh{k[}|u{u{vuuuu'RI[X||'|ȉ|\VhEAlrEnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial`SKILLED REASONERS    ,.>@XZkn S5_Q$6EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArialZ+UNSKILLED REASONERS CRITICAL REFLECTIONS,,,D]`y| $'78Q Td g     * ,C DL Ld ck m         32I HOSo q,++++D+DV5>+Ho8уr<EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanC/-take the time to state( their purpose clearly...G`K`C`L`GaG`C`L`G a G`C!`%L?aBMQaQH]a]HjalM}a}MaMbIbMbIbNbNburzrzz{{{ z z25{BE|SSz``zopswz|{|s|.----CbarC?bp}W T7L4<EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArialM0.are often unclear about( their central purpose.//DMRbVM`a`MpapK}a}LaCaIaLaMaKaMaK`L`D`L+`-L;a=KI`IKV`VLc`gCx`zJ`K`G_G_DxOQsbf|uws}{{{{{v{{rr{"{26{@BzRTzgiyvyz/....DCb`DrDC}oR=q(Pc< EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial|.Have I made the purpose of my reasoning clear?( What exactly am I trying to achieve?( Have I stated the purpose in several ways( to clarify it?/%*C*_-L<`=LO_OL^`^ClalCs_sCaK`K_B_K`FaF_C`K ` KaL,g.K>`BLL`NL`hbLt`uLaLaKaKaCaCaLaLhL a MaM$a&L4a7MDaGLY`[LkaoDu`yLaLhLaL`DaL`LaKaCaCaq::qLOz]`ukkuxx{zzyuqzz{zr((r//r==vHK|UV{iispt{{ww{{{{rt|""{45|DFrRFrR++;;NN^^kkqq!!25EHRTfgy{-066BB^^mn!33@@ORWZilwx~Bha/qR%*B+ ~   ~ EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial 0%distinguish it from( related purposes.&& =!>)=%> >)>)F)>" > )?!->-!=>=!B>E&Q?Q!]?]!i?h*r>s*?*?*?XlXmOlXmTnXmPmPnY tXn"Y.m/YAuBYTnVZcoeYvnvYoioio&%%%% F>Oun u)4# ^-52Z Z 5  ##((..3388==CCHHMMRRXX]]bbggmmrrww}}544444EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial/?oscillate between different,( sometimes contradictory,( purposes.@ @D*V@X*e?g*w?x"}>!=">*?&?*>!>!>*>&>*=)'>))8=;)K>K Y>Y h>m!s>u = =)=(<)=(=$=7@7@EZRoTYfnhZnYnUnQmYnYnYnXmXmXnX-m/T<m>YImIXXmZPkmoPvmwXmTmWmXlXtfofoEVYjlxy@????D @>EPtmE D EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial/What different purposes do 1 have in mind?( How do 1 see them as related?( Am 1 going off in somewhat different directions?( How can 1 reconcile these contradictory purposes? ,( :=; K=N)]=`$k>k y>y = ><=(=(<)=(=$=$>)E)'>*(5=7)HDI)[>^)k>n)}>)>">"?)>">">!>!>)>*>*,?,"9>9">>B*S?S)a>a){>!>*> >!>!>O+m-X@m@X]m]OhmhOyl{WmOmOlOmXmXmXmSmSmO m XmX8m8XDmDXTmVXeneXrmrY}m~XnPmYnTmYnOnPnPn~,/IIWW]]ii{{~}}}+.@B]_oo +,>@LLWWhkru*,??ZZccrs !11;;GHZ[kl{{ !"./ACNN``ii{}E>+Onm}11X9G2ؓۼ|t"EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial/aperiodically remind them( selves of their purpose( to determine whether( they are straying from it.bHb# "# 6$6CC MM ]_ z}   7L8L/L8K7L7L7M7L/L/M3&M)0:M>8MMO0ULY9cMc8qMq8T9N9M9U8M9N9O9Oa{f|^}^|f|b|g|g{g| ^&{)g:|=gL}LgX}Xht}v_}i~c}_}h}i}i},-8:IJ]]dfxzbaaaa$/UM^~},ևzajw64XEnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArialR01lose track of their funda( mental object or goal.22EKL ^_ mn ~~  #$46<?IITT_^prF9_Nb8qMt9M4M9M0M0M8M0N0T8M7 L3M3%M%77L:7DLD7PMP7bSa7tLv6L.KELEL21111EF.TMET"yEűG'UEnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArialn/In writing this proposal, do I seem to be( wandering from my purpose?( How do my third and fourth paragraphs( relate to my central goal?*&00<<WWcdjkxy#" !3#3EGTUdgmqvv!!.-@@LL^^n^n6/K06>KB6RKS.dKg6vKx6J/K6K5S-K-K6J5K6K6 K 6%K&69R96ERE6VRY6jLm6xKz7R6L7L7L/L/L]*{-e@{Af\{\\i{i\z{|e{e{ezea{a{]{]zf { \{\({(f7{:eJzN]^{^]l{l]w{vf{f{f{b|]{]{ff{f { f{f00f:z<fI{Mf_a]q{uf{uf{!038<JMYZjjvv )+9<AAOObasun#*-SK\{&`5`_8LY/t8EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial/#adopt realistic purposes( and goals.$ $!$14?AGJWWdduw*+ + ,3+++ ,&!,&!,$#### !3, 3>CW:SkC66EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArialH/oadopt unrealistic purposes Am I trying to accomplish too much in this( and set unrealistic goals. project?p+*pFTWhi|~  ".169HHUUgiz~ ,0JJYY``nny| ./AD]asv{(+:<LL[[bevvFT,Wh,k|+|+,,,+++*+ + +#*+,:*<H*J P*Sa*am*m2** **$****** * *'1*5(5I*G P1Rc*cs*t) ) )pooooFFF 2*)F2-VlJK>r tX(EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial/&choose significant purposes( and goals.' 'e{^{f{f|f{g|f}f| _|g""g3|5_<|=_I|H_N|Og^}_hm}ph}c}c}hi}h}ii~h}i}h~h~  ""'&&&&^}" ^jkHJn6VEnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial>0=adopt trivial purposes and( goals as if they were( significant.>1 >FhT}W`h}jg}}~hc|c|c}h{_|h{_|g|_|_|g"f2|5fA{BgSUfg{ifx{yf{f{e{e{fz\z\zFXWijz}  00;;VVfhsssHTV]_pq>====F\{FH F\ѧ>I BY4V EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial";/=What is the significance of pursuing this( particular purpose?>*>]<z<\MzOe^z`alzl]yzy]yez`z`z\ze{ezez]ydfz\z\'y&\,z.e=z>eMzOf`zberzrezeze{]z]zfg{f{f{f {^{f+{,e??bH{HbU{V]h{j]qzre{re{()8;GFRTZ\lm~  *+8+8>====\z*8\/;Is there a more significant purpose I should( be focused on?<-< ..<<HI[]mozy  !"45FIPQ]\cduu !22@@GGTTbdux' *: :F FR Pc et w         <;;;;-   d?wq| „"= wv6 * EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial/]choose goals and purposes( that are consistent with( other goals and purposes( they have chosen.^+^D Y < Y E Z E Z E [ E Z D [ D b E Z "E 0[ 2= 9Z =F J[ JF V[ VF d[ gG w[ z= [ = [ F c G [ G \ G b G \ G [ G \ G \ G \ o  k  s  p  p  t  u  u  t  t  t / 2u B Fv S Vm \ _v k nq y {u  v  q  q  v  n  s  n  n                     $ & 4 4 B B Q T c g w w                                       + + ; < O Q c d q s        ^]]]]< c [ k      <  K`-I64  EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial/`inadvertently negate their( own purposes,( do not monitor their think( ing for inconsistent goals.aaG> MZ PG `[ cF q[ t> [ F Z F [ F Z B [ F Z F Z A Z = Z F a E Z E /Z 2E AY CD Ua UD cY f@ qY sD Y ? Z ? Y ; Y D X ; X D Y D Y Gu Y Zu u wu  t  t  u  t  u  t  u  u  t  # ( # ( G X Z l l y y                   ' ) 3 3 @ @ K N ^ a q s y }                  H N Q b d v v                       # % 3 4 A B R T e g t t                a````G; a Z Gt ( G  H  G;  L1]oK` 4  EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial.^Does one part of my proposal seem to( undermine what I am trying to accomplish( in another part?_N_< -X /C BX CD SY UC aX aC oY oC X C X D Y C Y C _ C Y D W > X > Y C X : X : $Y $C ?X AD R` RD _` _D p` sD ~W ~C X D ` C Y C Y D Y < Y < Y D Y D Y D #Y $D ?Y ?? LY L? XY ZC lY ZC lY s ( ,s = @j P Ss b es o rr  j  r  r  r  r  i  r  n  j ! !j ' 'j 5 5r C Gr ` `n n nn z }s  t  j  s  r  o  o  r  r  s  s $ %s 5 6r H Ks d hs y }j  j  s  j  j     1 1 @ @ N R b e w y                      _^^^^: l` Y %i  )  :  354+xv $t EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial01adjust their thinking( regularly to their purpose.22" 8  8  ? # 8 # 9  8  8  8  8 $ %8 ' .8 1$ <8 < H8 H U9 V g8 i p8 r$ 9  8  9 $ 9 $ A $ A R g Q g R o R g I g R h R g J h S o N h N %g &R 9h 9O Fh FO Rh TJ eh fS wh xK h S h S h T p T h T h T p T j T i T i c i c i 21111 A 8 I p h  p GV>(u?hsy:8 t EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial/8do not adjust their thinking( regularly to their purpose.99H X9 Z$ l9 l# x8 x$ 8 $ 9  8  8 $ 9  8  @ # 8 # 8  7  7  *7 , =7 >" P6 Q W7 Y" d6 d p7 p |6 } 6  5 ! 6  6  5 ! 6  =  = HS Sh ST bi cT up vS h K h S i S g J h S o N g N g R h N g N g I "f $R 4f 6J =g ?R Jf JQ Wf WR hm jQ |f Q f P l P e P e P e _ e _ e 98888H @ 7 HI p f H p OEIl  p EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArialI$Does my argument stick to the issue?%%% .5 / C5 D! T6 U c5 c q5 q 5 ! <  5  5 ! 5  =  5  5  5  +5 - :5 : F5 F S6 V b5 c j5 l |5 ~ 6  6  6 ! 6  5  5  6 ! 5  5  6 ! 6 ! -6 1! B6 D! T6 U a6 U a6 %$$$$ a= 5 $ a= +Am I acting consistently within my purpose?,,,H /e 1P Md MG [e [G cd cG oe oP e O d L d H d O d O l O e O d O d O d O e G %d (O 6d 8K Dd DO Ud WP hd jL we yG d P l P e P e H d K d G e I e P e P e P ,e .P @l @P Lk LP ]k `P qe uP e P l P d P e O d G e G e ,++++G l e +G l 9hUhw^v  EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial.}choose purposes that are( fair-minded, considering( the desires and rights of( others equally with their( own desires and rights.~~                 ! # . / A A T V c d s t                                         # $ 5 : ? ? L L \ \ m p                                        ! - - ; ; I M ] _ o o ~ ~                    0 E , E ( E 0 E 1 E 0 F 0 F 1 E 0 L 1 -F 00 >F B( HE L) QE T1 dM d1 pF p1 F ) F - G * F * F . G * G 2 G + G 2 F 2 F ^ u _ t _ t V u V u ` u ` u W t ` #t #a 3u 5` Bt B` Pu Pa _v b` qu uX v X u ` u X u ` | X v ] v a v q w q w ~}}}}       ( M F V | u  | I-@Vf`I'={8 L EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial/Rchoose purposes that are( self-serving at the expense( of others' needs and( desires.S SH W Y i k ~                    ) + ; < I I W W c e v y              I V W g i o q } ~                     " " . . : < M O _ _ k k | |              H Z [ g g q q                       0 3 @ @ N N \ ` p r  r  I) YF \2 kF m2 yG }) F 2 F 1 G 0 F @ G @ G SRRRRH  I  H   I) G F H G .k|W璪ҹS N EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArialp/Is my purpose self-serving or concerned( only with my own desires?( Does it take into account the rights and( needs of other people?()  ! 0 0 > > Y Z m m y y                     % ( 4 3 < A N P ` b m m                       0 1 B D O P a d t u  u   * + = A H I [ [ f f                     1 1 ? ? P R b d q t { ~           . 1 C E U W d d q q x z                       & & 4 7 F F V W i l |                      % ' 4 6 C C Q Q _ c s u  u  . )B -. =C >. NC O% `C c. pC p- C - C $ B $ B - C ) B % B - B - A - B - I - &B ', 9A <- MI O$ UA X- gB i% uC i% uC   (     )$ uI B  I ٱ"}(a+  `: EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial1Critical Thinking( by Paul/Elder   4 5 C D M P ` b k l                   " $ 8 : Q : Q  0- 0 H5 H U. U k- j |-  -  -  1  .  -  .  .  .  .  Q  5 .  Q5 /=SȽRz,, R 6 EnglishEnglishTimes New RomanArial0: 2001 by Prentice-Hall, Inc.( Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458;;$ C C R R f i ~                  . / E G V W ` b u v                   ! 3 5 = 5 = % B* C X2 [ p2 p +  +  +  ,  +  +  ,  +  ,  %+ % ?+ @ I+ I `* _ s+ t + " /  +  +  1  +  +  +   /  , + /  B + /  B + ;::::$ =  % B 2 + $ B 2 >\   *4   F P$  .      0 l B uFR5S